Prophet Adam



Adam is the common ancestor in all three religions. In Islamic tradition, he and his wife Hawwa (Eve) are the first human beings and the first prophets. While the Hebrew Bible does not explicitly mention Adam as a prophet in Judaism, he is recognized as the first human created by God. In Christianity, Adam and Eve's story is fundamental to the doctrine of original sin, which has implications for Christian beliefs about salvation.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Adam is considered the first prophet and the first human being created by Allah. He and his wife, Hawwa (Eve), were the first humans and were placed in the Garden of Eden. They are regarded as the parents of all humanity.

• Judaism: While the Hebrew Bible does not explicitly refer to Adam as a prophet, he is considered the first human being created by God and plays a significant role in Jewish creation narratives.

• Christianity: Adam and Eve are central figures in Christian theology. They are seen as the first humans created by God and are known for the story of the Fall in the Garden of Eden, which is a fundamental concept in Christian doctrine.

3000-2800 BCE

Idris (Enoch)



Idris (Enoch), a descendant of Adam. often recognized as a figure of wisdom and righteousness in various cultural and religious traditions. While the specific details of his life may vary, the overarching narrative emphasizes his closeness to the divine and his role as a prophet or a conduit for divine messages.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: Prophet Idris is mentioned in the Quran, particularly in Surah Maryam (19:56-57). While the Quran acknowledges Idris as a prophet and a man of truth, it does not explicitly provide detailed information about his lineage or his father. Muslims hold Idris in high esteem for his wisdom and piety, but additional details about his life are not extensively elaborated upon in Islamic scriptures.

• Judaism: Enoch, as described in the Book of Enoch, is considered a righteous figure who walked with God and was taken away by God without experiencing death. The Book of Enoch is an ancient Jewish apocryphal text that expands on the narrative of Enoch. It presents Enoch as a prophet and visionary who receives revelations about the secrets of heaven.

• Christianity: Enoch is mentioned in the Bible in the genealogy of Adam in the Book of Genesis (Genesis 5:18-24). It notes that Enoch "walked with God, and he was not, for God took him." This brief reference leaves much to interpretation, and additional details about Enoch's life are not explicitly provided in mainstream Christian scriptures.

2,600 - 2300 BCE

Nuh (Noah)

Nuh (Noah), a descendant of Adam and possibly a direct descendant of Seth, is significant for all three religions. In Islam, Noah is chosen to warn his people of the impending flood and is considered a prophet. In Judaism, he is credited with saving humanity and animals from the flood. In Christianity, the story of Noah's ark is present in the Old Testament, emphasizing God's mercy.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Noah is considered a prophet who was chosen to warn his people about the impending flood as a punishment for their disbelief. He is seen as a messenger of God and a symbol of patience and faith.

• Judaism: In Judaism, Noah is a key figure, and the story of the Great Flood is found in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible). He is seen as a righteous man chosen by God to build an ark and save humanity and animals from the flood.

• Christianity: The story of Noah and the Ark is also present in the Christian Bible, specifically in the Book of Genesis. Noah is regarded as a righteous man and a central character in the history of God's covenant with humanity.

2300-1900 BCE

Hud (Eber)

Hud, a prophet, arises from the lineage of Shem and sent to the people of 'Ad. While the exact father-son connection may not be explicitly stated in religious texts, their shared lineage is recognized.


Saleh (Methuselah)

Saleh/Methuselah, considered a prophet in various cultural and religious traditions was sent to the people of Thamud. The Thamud are believed to be descendants of Sam (Shem), the son of Noah. This connection places Saleh within a broader lineage traced back to Noah, a common figure in many ancient cultural narratives.

2000-1800 BCE

Ibrahim (Abraham)

Abraham's lineage marks the point of divergence between these faiths. He is a central figure in all three:

• In Islam, Abraham is a prominent prophet, and he and his son, Ishmael, played a crucial role in constructing the Kaaba in Mecca, marking the origin of the Islamic faith.

• In Judaism, Abraham is the father of the Jewish people through his son Isaac. The Abrahamic covenant forms the foundation of Jewish belief.

• In Christianity, Abraham is recognized for his faith, and his lineage, particularly through Isaac, is emphasized as a precursor to Jesus, who is considered the Messiah.


Promised Land:
The ownership and significance of the Promised Land (Canaan) have been a source of conflict. In Judaism, it is considered the land promised to the Jewish people by God. In Islam, it is also a holy land with a connection to the Abrahamic tradition. The modern Israeli-Palestinian conflict is rooted in disputes over this land.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Abraham is considered a prominent prophet who played a significant role in the construction of the Kaaba in Mecca and is known for his unwavering faith in one God (Allah). He is regarded as the father of the Abrahamic faiths.

• Judaism: Abraham is a pivotal figure in Judaism, often referred to as the "father of the Jewish people." God's covenant with Abraham is a central theme, and he is known for his willingness to sacrifice his son, Isaac, as a test of faith.

• Christianity: Abraham is also highly regarded in Christianity, primarily as a model of faith. The Christian New Testament references him as a person of great faith and a spiritual ancestor of believers.




Lut (Lot).

Lut (Lot), a nephew of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), was sent to the people of Sodom and Gomorrah

1800-1700 BCE

Ishmael / Ishaq

Ishaq, the second son of Ibrahim, becomes a central figure in the lineage leading to the Israelites. His son, Ya'qub (Jacob), further establishes the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Isaac's descendants are believed to be the Israelites in Judaism, while in Christianity, his lineage is traced to Jesus.


Ishmael, the first son of Ibrahim, is recognized as a forefather of the Arab people. His descendants play a crucial role in Islamic tradition. Ishmael's descendants are regarded as the forefathers of some Arabian tribes and are honored in Islam, particularly through their connection to the Kaaba in Mecca.


Lineage and Inheritance:
The descendants of Isaac and Ishmael have historically been a point of contention. In Judaism, the descendants of Isaac are seen as the rightful heirs to God's covenant and the Promised Land. In Islam, Ishmael's descendants are recognized, particularly through the Arabian tribes. This division has contributed to historical and political conflicts in the Middle East.

QUICK SUMMARY | ISHMAEL

• Islam: In Islam, Ishmael (Ismail) is recognized as a prophet and the firstborn son of the prophet Abraham (Ibrahim). According to Islamic tradition, Ishmael and his mother Hagar were left in the desolate Arabian desert, where they settled in what would become Mecca. Ishmael is seen as a virtuous figure who played a role in the construction of the Kaaba, one of Islam's holiest sites.

• Judaism: In Judaism, Ishmael is also considered the firstborn son of Abraham but is not regarded as a prophet. His story is primarily associated with the rivalry between him and Isaac, as both were seen as heirs to God's promises to Abraham. Ishmael and Hagar were eventually cast out by Sarah, leading to their settlement in the wilderness.

• Christianity: Ishmael is mentioned in the Old Testament but does not hold the same level of significance as he does in Islam. His story is primarily viewed in the context of the broader narrative of Abraham's family.


QUICK SUMMARY | ISHAQ

• Islam: In Islam, Isaac (Ishaq) is considered a prophet and the son of the prophet Abraham (Ibrahim). The Quran mentions Isaac and his birth as a miracle, as he was born to his mother Sarah in her old age. He is also recognized for his role in the lineage of the Prophets, as many of his descendants became prophets. Isaac's story is intertwined with that of his father Abraham, and he is seen as a righteous figure.

• Judaism: In Judaism, Isaac is a central figure and is often referred to as one of the patriarchs. He is the son of Abraham and Sarah and the father of Jacob (Israel). The story of the binding of Isaac (the Akedah), in which God tested Abraham's faith by instructing him to sacrifice his son, is a significant event in Jewish tradition.

• Christianity: Isaac is also a notable figure in Christianity, especially in the Old Testament. The story of the binding of Isaac is present in the Christian Bible as well. He is seen as a key figure in the lineage leading to Jesus, though the focus of Christian theology shifts to Jesus as the Messiah.


1700-1600 BCE

Ya'qub (Jacob)

Jacob, the son of Ishaq, becomes a significant figure in the biblical narrative. Jacob's twelve sons are regarded as patriarchs of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, shaping the identity of the Israelites. Jacob's story and the blessings he conferred upon his sons are particularly significant in the traditions of both Judaism and Christianity. In Islam, while he is a prophet, his story is not as extensively detailed in the Quran as in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Jacob (Ya'qub) is considered a prophet and a righteous figure. He is regarded as the son of Isaac (Ishaq) and the grandson of Abraham (Ibrahim). Jacob is often mentioned alongside his father and grandfather as part of the lineage of prophets. His story is mentioned in the Quran, particularly in relation to his sons, including Joseph (Yusuf), who is a prominent figure in Islamic tradition.

• Judaism: In Judaism, Jacob is a central patriarch and one of the forefathers of the twelve tribes of Israel. He is known for his significant role in the Abrahamic covenant and for fathering twelve sons who would become the leaders of the twelve tribes of Israel. Jacob's life is detailed in the Book of Genesis, including the story of his wrestling with an angel and the blessings he bestowed upon his sons.

• Christianity: In Christianity, Jacob is also recognized as one of the patriarchs, particularly in the Old Testament. His life and the twelve tribes of Israel play a crucial role in the biblical narrative, although the primary focus of Christian theology shifts to Jesus as the central figure, and Jacob's significance is more in terms of lineage.


1300-1200 BCE

Musa (Moses)

Moses, a prophet, lawgiver, and leader; a descendant of Isaac, becomes a significant prophet and leader in all three religions. His role in the Exodus and the reception of the Ten Commandments is pivotal.

• In Islam, he's a respected prophet who received the Torah and led the Israelites.

• In Judaism, Moses is the great lawgiver who liberated the Israelites from Egyptian slavery and received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.

• In Christianity, Moses plays a crucial role in the Old Testament, and his lawgiving role is acknowledged.

The significance of Moses varies among the religions. In Judaism, he is a central figure, while in Christianity, the focus shifts to Jesus as the central figure. In Islam, Moses is a highly respected prophet but not as central as Muhammad.

The interpretation and role of the Mosaic Law differ. In Judaism, the Torah remains a central religious text. In Christianity, the New Testament contains the teachings of Jesus, and the role of Mosaic Law is debated. In Islam, the Quran supersedes the previous scriptures, including the Torah.


The Exodus:
The revelation of the divine law, the Ten Commandments, on Mount Sinai is another event that holds profound importance for all three religions. In Judaism, the giving of the law forms the basis of the covenant between God and the Jewish people. In Christianity, the Ten Commandments are foundational moral principles, and the role of the law in God's plan is central to Christian theology. In Islam, the event is seen as the bestowal of guidance and law by God to Prophet Moses and is revered as a testament to divine wisdom.

The Giving of the Law:
The liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, led by Prophet Moses, is a shared event of great significance. It underscores the themes of liberation, divine intervention, and the fulfillment of God's promises. The Exodus is central to the Passover festival in Judaism, remembered in the Seder meal. In Christianity, the symbolism of liberation and the fulfillment of God's plan through Jesus is closely tied to the Exodus. In Islam, it is recognized as an important event, demonstrating God's deliverance of the oppressed.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Moses (Musa) is considered one of the most important prophets and is often referred to as "Kaleemullah," the one to whom God spoke directly. He is known for leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receiving the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. His story is recounted in the Quran, and he is highly respected for his leadership, guidance, and role as a lawgiver.

• Judaism: In Judaism, Moses is a central figure and is often regarded as the greatest prophet and leader of the Israelites. He is credited with leading the Israelites out of Egypt, receiving the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) on Mount Sinai, and establishing the Mosaic Law, which includes the Ten Commandments.

• Christianity: Moses is also a significant figure in Christianity, particularly in the Old Testament. His role in leading the Israelites and receiving the Ten Commandments is recognized, and he is seen as a precursor to Jesus. In the New Testament, Moses is mentioned, but the focus shifts to Jesus as the central figure.

1040-970 BCE

Dawud (David)

David, a renowned king and prophet, is a descendant of Judah, one of Jacob's sons and therefore a predecessor of Jesus in Christianity, is considered a righteous king and a prophet in Islam. His son Solomon is revered for his wisdom and in all three religions for his role in constructing the First Temple in Jerusalem.

The Psalms (Zabur):
The Psalms, attributed to Prophet David, are recognized in all three faiths. They are a collection of sacred hymns and poetry that hold a special place in worship and reflection. In Judaism, the Book of Psalms is central to prayer and liturgy. In Christianity, the Psalms are part of the Old Testament and continue to be used in worship and meditation. In Islam, the Psalms are acknowledged as a revelation to David and serve as a source of spiritual guidance.

The Covenant with David:
The concept of the Messiah is a point of division. In Judaism, the Messiah is an awaited future figure who will bring redemption. In Christianity, Jesus is considered the Messiah. In Islam, there is no concept of a Messiah in the same way, and Jesus is viewed as a prophet, not the Messiah.

Messiah:
The covenant made between God and King David, promising an eternal throne and kingdom, is significant in all three religions. In Judaism, this covenant is the basis for the belief in the Messiah from the Davidic line. In Christianity, the covenant is linked to Jesus, who is often referred to as the "Son of David." In Islam, the covenant reflects God's favor upon David as a prophet and king.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, David (Dawud) is considered a prophet and a king. He is highly regarded for his wisdom, leadership, and his ability to receive divine revelations through the Psalms (Zabur). The Quran mentions David as a prophet who was granted great power and authority by Allah. He is often portrayed as a just ruler and a symbol of devotion to God.

• Judaism: In Judaism, David is a central figure, best known for becoming the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, following King Saul. He is revered as a great warrior, musician, and poet. David is traditionally credited with composing many of the Psalms found in the Hebrew Bible. His reign is considered a golden era in Israel's history, and he is also an ancestor of the Messiah in Jewish belief.

• Christianity: In Christianity, David is significant in the Old Testament and is known as a righteous king. He is viewed as a precursor to Jesus, the promised Messiah, who is often referred to as the "Son of David." The genealogy of Jesus is traced back to David in the New Testament.

970-931 BCE

Sulaiman (Solomon)


Solomon, the son of David, becomes a wise and prosperous King.


QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islamic tradition, Solomon (Sulaiman) is considered a prophet and a king known for his wisdom and ability to communicate with animals. He is credited with various achievements, including the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem. His story is mentioned in the Quran, highlighting his just rule and the miracles he performed.

• Judaism: In Jewish tradition, Solomon is a prominent figure and is known for his wisdom. He is traditionally attributed to the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and is associated with many proverbs and wise sayings found in the Book of Proverbs.

• Christianity: Solomon is acknowledged in Christian tradition, primarily in the Old Testament, where his wisdom and reign are described. In the New Testament, Jesus refers to Solomon as a symbol of wisdom, but the focus of Christian theology is on Jesus as the Messiah.

4 BCE-30 CE

Isa (Jesus)

Jesus, a central figure in Christianity, is born into the lineage associated with King David. While the interpretations differ, the birth of Jesus holds a special place in all three faiths. In Islam, it is acknowledged as a miraculous birth to the Virgin Mary and is a testament to God's power. In Christianity, the birth of Jesus is central to the faith, representing the incarnation of God's Word. In some Jewish traditions, Jesus is recognized as a historical figure.

Divinity of Jesus:
This is a significant point of divergence. In Christianity, Jesus is believed to be the Son of God and divine. In Islam, Jesus is considered a prophet, not divine. This fundamental theological difference has been a source of division for centuries.

Crucifixion:
The crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus are central to Christian belief. In Islam, there are differing interpretations regarding whether Jesus was crucified. Some Muslims believe that he was not crucified, while others accept the event but not the theological significance.

QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Jesus (Isa) is considered a prophet and not divine. He is born to the Virgin Mary and is highly revered as a righteous prophet who performed miracles and preached monotheism. However, he is not seen as the Son of God but rather as a messenger of God.

• Christianity: In Christianity, Jesus is the central figure and is regarded as the Son of God, the Messiah, and the savior of humanity. Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, with Jesus being one of the three persons of the Godhead.

570 CE - 632 CE

Muhammad  

Prophet Muhammad, the final messenger in Islam, is born into the Quraysh tribe, which traces its lineage back to Ishmael, the son of Ibrahim.


QUICK SUMMARY

• Islam: In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is considered the final messenger of Allah. Born in Mecca in the 6th century CE, he received revelations from Allah through the angel Gabriel, which were later compiled into the Quran. Muslims believe that Muhammad's mission was to convey the final and complete message of monotheism, emphasizing social justice, compassion, and moral conduct. Muhammad's life, teachings, and actions serve as a model for Muslims, and he is highly revered as the "Seal of the Prophets."

• Judaism:In Judaism, Prophet Muhammad is not recognized as a prophet. The Jewish tradition does not consider him as part of their prophetic lineage. The teachings of the Quran and the Islamic understanding of God differ from the Jewish understanding. However, it's worth noting that the historical interactions between the Jewish community and the early Islamic community varied, with periods of cooperation and conflict.

• Christianity: In Christianity, Prophet Muhammad is not considered a prophet in the traditional Christian sense. While acknowledging the shared Abrahamic heritage and recognizing the similarities between Islam and Christianity, Christians differ in their views on the prophethood of Muhammad. Christians believe in the prophethood of figures like Moses and Isaiah, as recorded in the Old Testament, and Jesus as the central figure in the New Testament, holding divine status as the Son of God.